Check out Information Design Patterns, a site developed by Christian Behrens as part of his Master thesis, The Form of Facts and Figures. This is absolutely the last word in “the development of a design pattern taxonomy for the field of data visualization and information design.”

This type of visual presentation of information starts to get really interesting when you extend them with interactivity and connect them with data.

PICTURED LEFT TO RIGHT: Scatterplot, Simple Pie Chart, Multiset Bar Chart, Stacked Bar Chart, Stacked Area Chart, Tree Diagram, Relation Circle, Isometric Bar Chart, Sankey Diagram